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What caused the Nullification Crisis?

In 1832, South Carolina declared the power of the state should supersede, or nullify, certain federal laws. In this particular case, the state found two particular tariffs that were not included in the U.S. Constitution were detrimental to the economic standing in South Carolina. Under the Ordinance, the South Carolina convention was given unlimited power. There was disagreement within the state and between it and other states, which led to what has been termed the Nullification Crisis.

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Who first discovered carbon?

Between 1779 and 1786, Carl Wilhelm Scheele in Swedish Pomerania, and Berthollet, Monge and Vandermonde in France, demonstrated that graphite, or "pencil lead," was mostly carbon. It was not until 1789, however, that the element was named and listed as "carbon" in a textbook written by Lavoisier.New and exotic forms of carbon, or allotropes, were introduced beginning in 1985 with the discovery of buckminsterfullerene, or C60, and its associated forms including nanotubes and buckyballs. This discovery earned its three discoverers, R. Curl, H. Kroto and R. Smalley, the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemis..

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What were the Crusades and where did they take place?

In total, there were eight major invasions against Muslim nations in the Middle East, and one ill-fated "Children's Crusade" that resulted in the deaths of thousands of young and poor people. During the course of the wars, many cities in the Middle East were captured and recaptured, and national lines were drawn and redrawn as the result of conquests. During this time there were also minor Crusades against Muslims and pagans in Europe, most notably on the Iberian peninsula.\nWhile the ostensible motivation of the Crusades was religious in nature, many of those who participated sought only..

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What was feudalism in ancient China?

The concept of feudalism in ancient China dates back to the 11th century B.C. to the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Despite the fact that feudalism is typically marked by military takeovers, 20th century historians suggest that Chinese systems differ from European feudal governments in that Chinese lords owed allegiance to the king due to kinship rather than by law. Further, Chinese peasants were not legally bound to the land like European peasants in similar situations.

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What caused the Counter-Reformation movement?

The Counter-Reformation movement was started by the Catholic Church in order to manage the discontent and opposition the church was facing. Martin Luther, having established himself as an authority in religious matters, had succeeded in convincing many to view the Catholic Church as one that was not teaching the ways of the Bible, but rather advancing its own course.This was met by the formation of the movement which enticed many people with promises of reform in the Catholic Church itself. Various decrees were established by the Council of Trent, in which harsh penalties including torture wou..

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What was the first country to send an explorer to the New World?

Wikipedia lists no fewer than 14 separate claims to contact with pre-Colombian America. The earliest claim to be unambiguously validated by archaeology belongs to the Norse. The first Norse explorer to see the coast of North America might have been the Norwegian Bjarni Herjólfsson, who sighted land in the summer of 986.

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What is a sanitary commission?

The Sanitary Commission provided staff for field hospitals, gave supplies to the soldiers, and educated the military and government on matters concerning health and proper sanitation. The organization also sent inspectors to military camps to supervise the set up of clean water supplies, latrines and cooking facilities. The group's volunteers helped evacuate wounded soldiers on the front lines and sewed blankets and uniforms for the soldiers. When soldiers returned home, the Sanitary Commission provided many of them with food, lodging and medical care. They helped returning soldiers to re..

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Why did America expand westward?

The increasing population and shift westward quickly caused a host of problems for the young nation. First, the lands settlers were moving into had been occupied by Native American tribes for centuries, and in many cases these Native residents were forcibly moved further west or offered a pittance for their lands. Atrocities such as the Trail of Tears, a forced march of displaced Native Americans, resulted in the deaths of thousands so that valuable lands could be taken over by settlers.\nThe expansion into the open, lawless west brought additional problems that ultimately tore the country apa..

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What are some facts about Harold Brown?

Harold Brown was born in New York City on September 19, 1927. After obtaining 3 degrees and a Ph.D. from Columbia University, he pursued a career in scientific research and consultancy.\nDr. Brown was nominated as Secretary of Defense by Jimmie Carter in 1977. While head of the Department of Defense, he initiated a comprehensive review and reform of the defense organization. Brown made a strong commitment to arms control but also followed the principle of "essential equivalence" in the nuclear competition with the Soviet Union. At the Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Tests, he was t..

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How did the Tocobaga Indians survive?

Being close to the bay and water streams, these people learned how to catch fish and collect shellfish which was later cooked and served. Berries, nuts and fruits were equally part of the Tocobaga diet. They would also spend time hunting animals, such as rabbits, deer and armadillos. They used animals skin to make clothing.

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