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What are some highlights in the life of Cleopatra VII?

Cleopatra VII was born into the royal family of Ptolemy and came to power as a teenager, ruling jointly with her two brothers in a regency over Egypt. When her brothers forced her from power, she had herself smuggled into the presence of Julius Caesar in Rome, where she entreated him to restore her authority. In exchange, Cleopatra became Caesar's lover and also promised to repay war debt owed to Rome by the Egyptians. She eventually bore him a son named Caesarion or "Little Caesar."\nAfter being restored to power by the Romans, Cleopatra found herself in the middle of the political crisi..

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When did globalization begin?

The first glimpses of globalization occur in the ancient world, where thriving trade networks developed in the Mediterranean world and in the Indus River Valley. By the Islamic golden age, these markets were integrated, and cosmopolitanism was enhanced not only through trade, particularly by Jews and Muslims, but through the pilgrimage-oriented faith of Islam itself. By the early modern period, trade, exploration and colonialism brought new sources of raw materials and burgeoning markets for European states. It also saw the rise of capitalism and the advent of a powerful European merchant clas..

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How many people died in the Holocaust?

Between 1933 and 1945, the Nazi party constructed six camps specifically designed to kill people whom Hitler deemed "undesirable." The largest of these extermination camps, Auschwitz, claimed over a million victims. Although designed for detainment rather than execution, conditions in concentration camps were often fatal as well. These camps forced detainees to do heavy labor for long hours with little to no food, frequently resulting in death by starvation. Other prisoners died due to disease, torture and medical experimentation.

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What was Dwight D. Eisenhower's position during WW2?

When World War II began, Eisenhower became Chief of the War Plans Division in Washington, D.C. and soon rose to the office of Assistant Chief of Staff under General George Marshall. He so impressed his boss that he was appointed commander of the European Theater of Operations in June 1942 and not long thereafter received a promotion to lieutenant general.\nEisenhower, now headquartered in London, also received an appointment as supreme commander of the Allied forces in the North African theater. During the campaigns, he was promoted to the rank of general and directed operations in the Mediter..

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What was the purpose of the convoy system?

The British initially used the convoy system to protect merchant vessels crossing the English Channel. However, the British Royal Navy found the convoy system necessary to protect ships on the open sea from successful German U-boat campaigns during World War I. Britain and its allies used conveys throughout World War II to protect shipping from German and Japanese warships across the globe.

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How many siblings did George Washington have?

As a youth, Washington was primarily homeschooled and learned the workings of his family's plantation. His father died when George was 11, and his half-brother Lawrence functioned as head of the family. By the age of 17, Washington was employed as a surveyor. A few years later, Lawrence and his only child died, leaving George in charge of the family estate at the age of 20.

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What did the Greek goddess Athena wear?

Athena is generally depicted wearing a full-length woman's chiton, a type of tunic. According to a document from Central Washington University, sometimes her chiton was topped with a peplos, a garment worn for warmth.\nHer arms are bare so she can use her iconic shield and spear. Sometimes she is shown wearing a garment called an aegis, which may have been a type of decorative leather breastplate designed to hold a shield. Athena's aegis was decorated with the head of the Medusa. According to the Monolith, she almost always wears a hoplite's crested helmet. When she does not wea..

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What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?

Progressivism rejected the church as the driving force for change and also rejected the position of Social Darwinism that many of the rich and powerful embraced. There were many specific goals that the movement aimed for, including removing corruption and undue influence from the government, to include more people directly into the political process and to enforce the government to play a role in solving the many social issues while bringing fairness into economic matters.The Progressive Movement happened during the second reform era. The first reform era occurred during the years before the C..

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Who invented the repeating rifle?

The repeating rifle is a single-barreled gun containing multiple rounds of ammunition. Rounds may loaded through an automatic or manual mechanism. The increased rate of fire made it a favorable upgrade over the single-shot breech-loaded rifle. The repeating version saw its first significant military combat use during the Civil War.

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What language did the ancient Egyptians speak?

While most people associate ancient Egyptians with hieroglyphics, the Egyptian spoken language is equally important. It is one of the oldest recorded languages in history, and was used for over four millenia. The written language did not write vowels, therefore there is no way of knowing how the words in this dead language were ever pronounced.\nCoptic, a late variation of Egyptian, is used in the Egyptian Orthodox church liturgy.

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