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What is the difference between anaphase 1 and anaphase 2?

In anaphase 1, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles, and the sister chromatids remain attached. There are other changes: the kinetochore microtubules (spindles) shorten to pull the chromosomes towards the poles. This forms two haploid sets meaning that each set has 23 chromosomes or 46 total, the number typically found in humans. Each chromosome has two chromatids which move separately in anaphase 2.\nIn anaphase 2, the centromeres are cleaved down the middle allowing microtubules to attach to the kinetochores which pulls the sister chromatids apart. The centromeres are the ce..

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What is the largest animal on land?

African elephants are characterized by their long curved tusks, large ears and dexterous trunk. Both female and male elephants have tusks. The tusks are present at birth, but they fall out after a year and are replaced by permanent ones. The tusks grow throughout the elephant's life. African elephants use their tusks for foraging, digging and fighting. The ears of the African elephant help radiate excess heat under the sun, communicate visually and help the elephant hear sounds over long distances. The trunk is a combination of the elephant's upper lip and nose. It is used for smelli..

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What are some examples of cinder cone volcanoes?

Examples of cinder cone volcanoes in the United States include Oregon's Hoodoo Butte, Lava Butte, Mount Talbert, Pilot Butte, Mount Tabor and Wizard Island. Cinder cones in California include Pisgah Crater, Amboy Crater, Twin Buttes and Schonchin Butte. Hawaii's Mauna Kea, a shield volcano, hosts at least 100 cinder cones on its sides, such as Pu?u Waiau. Canada is home to over 40 cinder cone volcanoes, mostly located in British Columbia, up the coast from the U.S. cinder cones in California and Oregon.\nThe most active known cinder cone volcano is Cerro Negro, located in Nicaragua. ..

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What is the desert ecosystem like?

The differences in the two types of deserts are as numerous as the similarities. The temperate deserts, like Antarctica, are cold. The temperatures in these areas can become cold enough to kill a person. Animals that live in these deserts have physically adapted through the years to be able to survive the cold by having extra layers of fat, or needing less energy and food to survive. The animals that live in the subtropical deserts have the opposite adaptations. Those animals have adapted to handle higher heats and strong sun. The plants and animals in both animals have to adapt to survive on ..

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What are some facts about Pluto?

A single day on Pluto is roughly equivalent to 6.4 days on Earth, as it takes Pluto 153 Earth hours to rotate once on its axis. By the time Pluto orbits once around the sun, 248 years have passed on Earth. If Earth was the size of a nickel, Pluto would be the size of a head of a pin. It is two-thirds the diameter of Earth's moon.\nPluto cannot support any forms of known life, but scientists believe there may be an ocean hidden underneath its surface. Pluto is similar to a comet in that its atmosphere expands when approaching the sun and contracts when moving away from it.\nPluto was named..

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What must a solution contain in order to conduct electricity?

Nonelectrolyte solutions are incapable of conducting electricity due to the bonds of the solute being covalent instead of ionic. Electrolytes are classified into two groups: strong or weak. If an electrolyte compound does not entirely dissolve within a solution, it releases only a small amount of ions, thus leading to poor conductivity and rendering it weak. Strong electrolytes, by comparison, release all of their ionic bonds when dissolved.

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What are analogies for chloroplasts?

AaronSklar.com draws another analogy between chloroplasts in plant cells and windmills, saying the latter utilizes raw wind energy to produce energy for city use, just as the former converts light energy of the sun into food for plants.\nChloroplasts produce food for plants through photosynthesis. Through synthesis of proteins, chloroplasts utilize captured radiant energy from the sun, which is then stored in plant cells as chemical energy in the form of glucose. An analogy is drawn whereby chloroplast function is compared with the use of solar panels in sections of an airport. Again, the pane..

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What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is the process through which organisms create energy in the form of ATP, which fuels the cellular life processes for aerobic organisms. Cellular respiration begins in the cytosol with glycolysis, the process that breaks glucose down into two pyruvate molecules. These two molecules then move inside a mitochondrion, which is a bean-shaped organelle with a great deal of surface area due to the internal folding of its inner membrane. Here they enter the Krebs cycle, during which they produce two ATP molecules and release carbon dioxide as a waste product. The products of the K..

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How do frequency and period relate to each other?

Frequency is a measure of vibrational cycles per second, and is measured in Hertz (Hz). One Hz is one cycle per second, two Hz is two cycles and so on. The higher a wave's frequency is, the more vibrational cycles occur each second. This essentially means that a medium carrying a wave with a high frequency will vibrate faster than a medium carrying a wave with a low frequency.\nPeriod is similar to frequency, but it is not the same. Rather than cycles per second, period measures the seconds per cycle, or how long it takes for the wave to complete one vibrational cycle. Where frequency is ..

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How does a zygote form?

There are two types of nuclear cell division: mitosis and meiosis. During the process of mitosis, DNA molecules condense and form long strands of chromosomes. The molecules replicate themselves and organize into identical pairs, on a double helix. The double strands then split in half, and two new separate cells are formed. Ultimately, the goal of mitosis is simply to replicate DNA molecules and create new cells.\nMeiosis on the other hand, goes through the same replication process but adds an extra step. During meiosis, the double helix strands do not immediately separate, but wrap themselves..

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