Science

Refine Search

How many square miles is the Earth?

Because Earth is not completely spherical, its mean radius is 3,959 miles, and its equatorial diameter is 7,926 miles. Similarly, the Earth's equatorial circumference is 24,902 miles.\nEarth is a terrestrial planet and the fifth largest in the solar system. The other terrestrial planets, which are Venus, Mercury and Mars, are smaller than the Earth. Although Earth is quite small when compared to a gas giant planet, such as Jupiter, it is the densest planet in the solar system with a density of 5.52 grams per cubic centimeter. This is due to the Earth's rocky mantle and a core that co..

Continue Reading

What is the salt concentration of isotonic saline solution?

The concentration of NaCl in isotonic saline is close enough to the concentration within a healthy cell that it prevents osmosis of water into or out of the cell. Saline with a higher concentration of NaCl than inside a cell is said to be hypertonic. Cells in hypertonic saline lose water to the solution and shrivel. Hypotonic saline contains a lower concentration of NaCl than a cell. In hypotonic saline, cells draw in water until bursting.

Continue Reading

How many electrons does a chloride ion have?

Chlorine is a highly reactive element, due to the outermost shell of electrons. Electrons fill rings, known as shells, outside the atom. The first shell, closest to the atom, holds two electrons. Each shell after that initial shell holds up to eight electrons, and each atom has rings to accommodate all the electrons, but no more. Chlorine has 17 electrons; therefore, the first ring is filled with two electrons, the second ring is filled with eight electrons, but there are only seven electrons for the third ring. This makes chlorine's valence shell incomplete, and the atom attracts "loose"..

Continue Reading

How many atoms are in hydrogen ?

Hydrogen is the lightest element, has an atomic number of 1 and uses the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is an odorless and colorless gas. It is combustible and produces water when it burns in air.\nHydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe, with 90 percent of atoms in the universe being made of hydrogen. Main sequence stars, such as the sun, burn hydrogen as fuel.

Continue Reading

What are physical and behavioral adaptations?

Physical adaptations include teeth, body coverings and movement, and behavioral adaptations include social behavior, migration and protective actions. National Geographic explains how certain adaptations, called exaptations, can develop for one purpose and later be used for another, such as bird feathers created for warmth and eventually used for flight. Other adaptations, termed vestigial, become useless but remain with the organism, such as the non-functioning leg bones still found in dolphins.\nReasons for adaptations to occur include environmental, lifestyle or relationship changes, some o..

Continue Reading

What is rotational equilibrium?

In rotational equilibrium, all torques that are acting on an object must be balanced. For example, a torque applied that would spin an object clockwise has to be counteracted by a torque of equal strength that would spin the object counterclockwise. This doesn't necessarily mean all torques acting on the object must be equal to each other, just that each torque needs its equal but opposite force. Although Newton's laws of motion describe the dynamics of linear motion and forces, the same laws govern rotational motion. Torque is the rotational equivalent of force, which causes an obje..

Continue Reading

What are the conservation efforts in the tundra biome?

In 2015, the largest threats to the tundra biome are oil and gas pipeline development projects. These projects not only introduce garbage and waste to the sensitive tundra ecosystem, they also encourage large corporations to infringe on protected areas in order to make a profit. Conservationists work to stop these oil and gas pipeline projects by lobbying legislators and spreading knowledge about the risks involved with these projects.\nGlobal warming is another large threat to the tundra biome caused by human activities in these regions and around the globe. Conservationists work to convince ..

Continue Reading

What are some facts on the decomposition of potassium chlorate?

Decomposition time of potassium chlorate can be reduced by using oxide catalysts such as manganese dioxide (MnO2). Potassium chlorate is a strong oxidizer which reacts vigorously with organic materials and can cause an explosion. It should be handled with care, and it is advisable to wear protective equipment, such as goggles. Potassium chlorate should be kept away from reagents, such as sugar and sulfuric acid.

Continue Reading

What causes reverberation in concert halls?

To reduce reverberations, architects use acoustic materials, such as fiberglass, to absorb the sound rather than reflect it the way harder materials, such as concrete, do. Architects use combinations of absorbent and reflective materials to create the most pleasing sound for the auditorium based on its size, shape and capacity. The squares that hang from the ceiling in many concert halls are called "acoustic tiles" because they absorb and redirect sound waves.

Continue Reading

How do you solve Hardy-Weinberg problems?

Understand the meaning of p and qBy convention, the dominant allele is designated p while the recessive trait is denoted as q. All alleles in the gene pool must add up to 100 percent, p + q = 1.Know what each term means in the expanded equation?The term p^2 corresponds to individuals with the homozygous dominant genotype and 2pq represents heterozygotes. Finally, the q^2 term represents the homozygous recessive genotype. Recognize the limits of Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumHardy-Weinberg equilibrium equations apply to an ideal situation: Members of a large but completely isolated population mate..

Continue Reading
Showing 7871 to 7880 of 10000 (1000 Pages)