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What is the practical application of Charles's law?

Jacques Charles developed his gas expansion theory on June 5, 1783, while watching the Montgolfier brothers inflate a balloon with fire, and fly it a mile and a half before returning to the ground. By heating the air inside of the balloon, it expanded but remained constricted inside of the balloon. The air expanded until its volume was greater than the equivalent volume of surrounding cold air, and the balloon began to rise. When the air inside of the balloon cooled to the same volume as the surrounding air, it returned to the ground.\nThe principle is the same for a car's combustion engi..

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Where are the tasting areas on the human tongue?

Philosophers such as Aristotle formed theories on the origins of taste. However, research from National Institutes of Health sensory neuroscientist Nick Ryba and his colleagues shows that tastes originate in certain regions of the cerebral cortex inhabited by neurons. These neurons exist in fields. For example, there is a sweet field, a bitter field and other similar fields. Studies using mice simulated tasting different types of food by stimulating the brain. The brain implant consisted of a fiber optic cable and a laser light, pulsing for brain stimulation, states Scientific American.\nThis ..

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Where does air pollution come from?

Air pollutants can either be visible or invisible. Fumes from aerosol sprays, varnish, paint and hair spray are other sources of air pollution. Air pollution can also come from military sources, such rocketry, germ warfare and nuclear weapons. Dust and smoke are common air pollutants. Volcanic activity causes air pollution because it emits ash particles, sulfur dioxide and chlorine. Sulfur dioxide is also contained in smog and it causes acid rain.\nAutomobiles and other mobile sources contribute to more than 50 percent of air pollution within the United States, reveals National Park Service. D..

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What are some interesting facts about tantalum?

What makes tantalum exceptional as a capacitor is its ability to absorb and dampen high-frequency electrical noise, which can damage circuits.\nAt one point, tantalum was used for filaments in lightbulbs. The versatile metal was replaced by tungsten, which has a higher melting point. The melting point of tantalum is 5,463 degrees Fahrenheit, while the melting point of tungsten is 6,192 F, making tungsten better for high-temperature applications.\nTantalum was discovered in 1802 by the Swedish scientist Anders Ekeberg, who named it after a Greek hero who was forever punished by having water dra..

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What elements comprise amino acids?

Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Initially discovered in the 19th century, the majority of our current knowledge of amino acids was discovered in 1902, with the proposition that amino acid chains, joined at the carboxyl groups, result in the formation of proteins. These linear chains were named peptides, a term still used today.\nThe most common amino acids found in nature are alpha amino acids. Each amino acid features a carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group, which is referred to as the α–carbon. Alpha amino acids are characterized by an amino group directly bonded to the ..

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What equipment is used to predict tornadoes?

Storm chasers and tornado investigators have developed mobile Doppler radar devices that can be mounted on the outside of vehicles. The investigators travel to the locations of the tornadoes in these vehicles and can make observations about an approaching storm. Several mobile units can be placed a few miles away from one another in order to create extremely accurate observations concerning wind fields and data around a tornado.

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How do paramecium obtain food?

Paramecium live in water habitats, feeding on algae, bacteria and yeast. Food and water enter into the oral groove. The food travels through the mouth into the gullet, where it accumulates and creates a vacuole. Digestive enzymes break down the vacuole's contents, allowing the nutrients to pass into the cytoplasm. The vacuole then refills with waste and moves to the anal pore. Waste is passed through the anal pore back into the paramecium's environment.

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Is a stingray an invertebrate or a vertebrate?

Stingrays are typically found in temperate waters. As of 2014, stingrays are considered to be a threatened species. Stingrays may reach a length of 6.5 feet and can weigh almost 800 pounds. These fish are related to sharks, another type of vertebrate, and have the same electrical sensors to help them locate prey. Stingrays need this kind of detection because their eyes are on top of their flat body, making it difficult to readily notice food that is nearby.

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What is the chemical name for HNO3(aq)?

Nitric acid is available in two different concentrations - as red fuming nitric acid, which is an 86 percent solution and white fuming nitric acid, which is a 97.5 percent solution. Nitric acid solutions are clear and turn yellowish in the presence of light. It is a strong acid that dissolves many metals, and its fumes are toxic. It is also used to make several commercial products, such as fertilizers, dyes, plastics and explosives.

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How does the thermal energy of solid water change as it melts?

Pure materials in general do not change into thermal energy during phase changes. However, it holds true only with pure compounds or elemental substances. Solutions such as salt water do change into thermal energy as they undergo phase changes, both because of the different thermal properties of the dissolved particles and the changes in their concentration. For instance, salt water boils at a higher temperature than fresh water, and as it boils, the concentration of salt increases, raising the boiling temperature further.\nThe ability of substances to absorb heat as potential energy rather th..

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