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What is the Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium?

Also referred to as the Gibbs-Donnan effect, this equilibrium is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs, a physicist, and Frederick Donnan, a chemist. This equation refers to a concentration on both sides of a semipermeable membrane. Since these are charged particles, there is a concentration gradient and an electrostatic gradient.\nFor this equilibrium to take effect, there needs to be an unequal charge distribution of impermeable ions across the membrane. An example of the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium is when an anionic fluid is introduced to a molecule containing an anion and a cation. Both gradients..

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What are some facts about a temperate rainforest?

The large amount of precipitation caused by the condensed moisture in the Pacific formed the largest temperate rainforest along the Pacific coast of North America. This temperate rainforest makes it possible for enormous redwood trees to grow in Northern California. The amount of biomass produced by temperate rainforests exceeds that of tropical rainforests due to the sizes of trees that grow in these temperate mountain ranges.\nThe same mountains that block the moisture from the ocean also protect temperate rainforests from extreme temperatures. Their climate is mild throughout the year. The ..

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At what age does the brain stop developing?

The prefrontal cortex, which begins to develop around the onset of puberty, does not complete its development until age 25. This section of the brain controls impulse inhibition, goal planning and organization. The brain's reward system also becomes highly active around the start of puberty, receding to a normal adult level around 25. This overly active reward system causes adults under 25 to seek out uncertain situations to find out whether they might be rewarding.

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How many rings does Venus have?

Venus is 108 million kilometers from the sun, making it the second planet in the lineup. The temperature on Venus is about 480 degrees Celsius, and its atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and clouds composed of sulfuric acid. This inner planet has a rocky surface, so it is considered a terrestrial planet.\n Other interesting facts about Venus are that it has no moons and spins backwards. A Venusian year is about 225 Earth days, and its diameter is 12,100 kilometers. When compared to the Earth’s diameter, which is 12,742 kilometers, Venus is slightly smaller.

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What is the time difference between New York and London?

The flight time between New York and London is 7.5 hours, and the return trip takes 8.5 hours. If a person flew out of New York at midnight, he or she would arrive in London at 7:30 a.m. New York time. However, the arrival time when the touched down in London would be 12:30 p.m. These types of time differences are what causes passengers to experience jet lag when flying great distances.

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Is carbon reactive?

Carbon has many different forms such as the graphite used in pencils, coal and diamonds. It is the sixth most common element in the universe and the second most common element in the human body. It occurs in minerals such as the carbonates of calcium and magnesium. Artificial diamonds can be created in a laboratory by subjecting pure carbon to extremely high pressure and temperatures.

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What is a mature placenta?

Dr. Nicholas Fogelson from HealthTap goes on to explain that the danger of mature placenta is that it delivers less blood to the infant, especially if it occurs earlier in the pregnancy. MedlinePlus further describes the dangers of this insufficiency. For example, less blood supply to the baby results in a baby who does not grow as well and undergoes fetal stress. This can have a multitude of causes, such as a mother who is diabetic, smokes, is past her due date or suffers from high blood pressure.\nWomen World points out that mature placenta can come in conjunction with a calcified placenta, ..

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What is a diastase enzyme?

According to Princeton University, Diastases were the first enzymes discovered. Diastases are important in the brewing process because there are no sugars present at the beginning of it. Malted grain is initially composed primarily of starch, which yeast cannot ferment.\nTwo diastases are key in the brewing process: alpha and beta amylase. Alpha amylase is most viable at temperatures between 131 and 150 degrees Fahrenheit, and it converts starches to maltose. Beta amylase is most viable at temperatures between 154 and 162 degrees Fahrenheit, and it produces maltose along with other sugars that..

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Why do root cells not contain chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are small bodies, or organelles, that are found in the cells of green plants. They are not attached to the cell walls but float in the cytoplasm. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that can change the light energy of the sun into fuel. Plants take carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil and change them into sugars.\nWhen light strikes a molecule of chlorophyll, it excites the molecule and causes it to give up an electron. In turn, the chlorophyll molecule grabs an electron from water, which makes the water molecule unstable. This makes it decomp..

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How many protons and neutrons does aluminum have?

It is possible to determine the number of neutrons in an atom by subtracting the number of protons in the atom from the atom's mass number. On the Periodic Table of the Elements, the atomic weight of an element is listed below that element. Rounding this atomic weight to the nearest whole number yields the element's mass number.\n\nIn the case of aluminum, the mass number is 27. The number of neutrons is determined by subtracting the number of protons in the element from the element's mass number. There are 13 protons in an atom of aluminum, so the equation would be 27-13=14.\n\..

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