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How many valence electrons does silver (Ag) have?

The chemical symbol Ag is derived from the Latin word "argentum," meaning silver. It is number 47 on the periodic table. It is classified as a transition metal and considered one of the noble metals.\nSilver is less malleable than gold. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of all metals. Silver halide crystals darken when exposed to light. This discovery led to the science of photography.\nSilver is also commonly used in jewelry, silverware, batteries, dental compounds, circuits, mirrors, electrical contacts, brazing and soldering.

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What are some facts about the stratosphere?

The stratosphere layer continues up to about 31 miles, before the beginning of the mesosphere. The stratospheric layer holds the ozone in the atmosphere, protecting the surface by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is because of the absorption of these UV rays that the temperature in the stratosphere increases with altitude, from a minimum of about minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit at the bottom up to about 5 degrees Fahrenheit near the top of the layer. Also because of this phenomenon, there are no upward moving convection currents in the stratosphere, as the warmer air is on ..

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What is a biopolymer?

Biopolymers are not the same as polymers, and the two can be distinguished between easily. The major difference between the two is their structure. Biopolymers have a well-defined primary structure that folds into compact shapes, while polymers have random and simpler structures. Many biopolymers are biodegradable and used in compost. These biopolymers can break down up to 90 percent in as little as six months. The compostable biopolymers are broken down into carbon dioxide and water via microorganisms.

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How does a hydraulic car lift work?

The larger the vehicle or the heavier the weight determines the number of pistons that are needed to lift the vehicle. Despite the increase in force and pressure that is created with these sorts of lifts there are still limits on what the pressure can move. The distance between the first piston where the pressure is applied and the lift itself can play a role in how much it can lift. A properly working lift needs to have the first piston a good distance from the lift itself. A hydraulic lift works very similarly to a lever, with a small force used to move a longer one over a distance. Many lif..

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What is a SN1 reaction?

SN1 reactions start with an entantiomerically pure reactant and a nucleophile. Next, the nucleophile attacks the reactant and forms a carbocation. The most stable carbocation is formed, so hydride shifts may occur to create a more stable carbocation. Next, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation and adds to the reactant. The final product of an SN1 reaction is a racemic mixture of products. Normally, the R and the S product are formed.

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What is a fissure eruption?

Fissures develop in volcanoes over time based on shifting in the earth's crust and the cumulative effective of lava and steam boiling on the inside. A fissure eruption occurs when the gases, lava and rock fragments inside the crater spill out through the cracks. The result is similar to gushing water that flows out of a crack in a toilet tank or a pitcher of water.\nWhile fissure eruptions take place in many volcanoes throughout the world, they occur especially often in the volcanoes of Iceland and Hawaii. The San Diego State University geology website notes that 1783 fissure eruption in ..

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What is infrared radiation?

Most infrared radiation is not detectable by human eyes, although it is possible to experience its presence through the sensation of heat. Infrared radiation is used in some night vision devices to detect thermal signatures and provide visuals. It is also used in astronomy by some telescopes to penetrate the dustier portions of space and view previously obscured cosmological bodies or phenomenon.

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How do daughter cells compare to the parent cell?

Preparing for mitosis, a cell produces a copy of its DNA. During mitosis, DNA coils into condensed chromatid pairs known as chromosomes. Throughout various phases of mitosis, these chromatid pairs are separated to opposite sides of the cell and this parent cell divides into two separate, but identical, daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains one half of the chromatid pair, or DNA. Meiosis, however, involves two divisions that produce a total of four daughter cells. During both meiosis I and meiosis II, cells undergo the same phases found in mitosis, but the processes and results are differ..

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What are some of the constructive forces that shape and create landforms?

The variety of movements taking place within the outermost portion of the Earth's crust, or lithosphere, are collectively referred to as plate tectonics. These movements represent massive constructive forces that have created major mountain ranges across the world. Depending upon the manner in which they are defined, there are either seven or eight major tectonic plates and several minor plates in the lithosphere. These plates slide over the layer beneath the Earth's crust, which is called the mantle. This movement is driven by convection, which is the process of heat transfer taking..

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What is the female gamete called?

Female gametes are produced via meiosis, a type of cell division. They contain only one set of chromosomes. The eggs mature and are stored in the ovaries of the female. When compared to sperm cells, eggs are relatively large and immobile. They are released periodically into the female's uterus where they remain until they are either fertilized by a sperm cell or discharged from the female's body during menstruation. If the egg is fertilized, the egg and sperm form a zygote, which has two sets of chromosomes.

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