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How can authorities reduce the damage caused by volcanoes?

Any volcanic response strategy requires well-established roles and communication channels for government agencies, police, fire, public utilities and hospital staff. An emergency operations center provides a consolidated meeting place with access to secure information systems that support inter-agency incident response. Planning, drills and tactical checklists ensure efficient management during a volcanic crisis.\nUncertainty during the first phase of volcanic activity complicates evacuation decisions. Earthquakes, lava flows and ash falls are potential threats but unpredictable. An approved d..

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What color is the sky?

Visible light arrives at Earth as full-spectrum, white light, composed of all colors. The Rayleigh scattering phenomenon explains the tendency of Earth's atmosphere to scatter and spread blue light more than green or red light. Nitrogen and oxygen molecules make up most of the atmosphere, which absorbs and reflects the majority of these other colors before they reach the surface. Other factors affecting the sky's color include materials and pollutants in the air and the anatomy of the human eye.

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What is the Stock system name for the ionic compound NaCl?

In this system, the oxidation state or number of the metal is indicated in parentheses by Roman numerals. For example, FeCl2 is written as iron(II) chloride, and FeCl3 is written as iron(III) chloride. In the case of sodium chloride, the name would be sodium(I) chloride(?I). However, the name is long, and such usage is rare.\nThe system was developed by the German chemist, Alfred Stock. In his own words, he believed the system to be “simple, clear, immediately intelligible, capable of the most general application.”

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What did Louis Pasteur do?

In his work, Pasteur further developed the germ theory and proved that bacteria caused drinks like beer and milk to sour. To prevent this, he invented the pasteurization process which involved boiling, and then cooling the liquid to kill bacteria. The connection Pasteur made between germs and illnesses helped lead to the development of sterilization practices in medicine by surgeon Lord Lister.Pasteur developed his first vaccine in 1879 when he came up with a vaccine for chicken cholera after realizing that chickens exposed to the virus became immune to it. He went on to create vaccines for an..

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How much power can a typical residential windmill generate?

Depending upon the size of the home in question, the generating capacity needed can range from 2000 watts up to 10,000 watts. Turbines with this range of capacity are between 12 and 23 feet in diameter. The 5000-watt turbine given as the typical example is approximately 18 feet in diameter.\nThe turbines sit upon poles which average 80 feet in height, although they can range from 30 feet to 140 feet. In general, the tower should be 30 feet taller than surrounding trees or other landscape features.

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What is the basic building block of all silicate minerals?

When silicate tetrahedrons share oxygen items, they form parallel single chains known as inosilicates. Some single-chain inosilicates include diopside, rhodonite and jadeite. They can also loop into a hexagonal double chain, forming materials such as asbestos and hornblende. Chains that are joined in two directions are known as silicate sheets. Minerals such as quartz and feldspar are stacked silicate sheets that form an indefinite three-dimensional framework.

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What is the mathematical formula for mass?

The formula "mass = density x volume" is a variation on the density formula: density = mass ÷ volume. As long as two of the variables are known, the third can be calculated by rearranging the equation. In order to calculate mass, it is necessary to divide both sides of the density equation by volume.For example, to find the mass of a liter of milk, it is first necessary to know the density of the milk. If the density is 1.03 g/mL, then according to the equation, the mass of one liter of milk is 1.030 kilograms.Mass is often confused with weight, although they are two different things. Mass is..

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How do earthquakes form?

The Earth comprises four main layers, including the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. The asthenosphere, located below the crust and forming the upper portion of the mantle, is the layer where the tectonic plates float, glide and held together by a fault's frictional force. Due to the intense pressure that builds underneath the asthenosphere, the plates eventually shift, slip past one another and rupture the fault. This instantaneous motion causes the release of tremendous amounts of energy in the form of seismic waves. The spot where the tremor originated underground is called th..

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What is the molecular geometry of BF3?

Each fluorine atom has a valence shell containing seven electrons, while boron has three valence electrons. With a total of 24 valence electrons, all atoms in the BF3 compound are able to achieve full valence shells by covalently bonding. By VESPR theory, BF3 has an AXE notation of AX3. As explained by Chemistry Drills, molecules of an AX3 notation have a trigonal planar geometry.

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What is the definition of "novel protein"?

Pets such as dogs and cats are often fed diets consisting of chicken, beef, lamb and fish. If an intolerance develops, it may be hard to discern exactly what ingredient causes the problem. For these pets, offering a diet consisting of novel proteins such as bison, duck, rabbit, fish they haven't eaten before, venison, kangaroo or egg, either alone or with a single carbohydrate source such as potato or rice, can help resolve the problem.

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