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How many base codes are there for one amino acid?

Which codons are used determine the type of amino acid created. The order of the codons in the triplet sequence determines which protein is created. Sixty-one of the 64 combinations create the amino acids in proteins. The remaining combinations create the terminate, or stop sequences, of the chain. Multiple codons, called synonym codons, can code for the same amino acid. When synonym codons are present in a chain, the chain is said to be degenerate.

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How big is the North Star?

Polaris A is classified as a yellow supergiant star. Its two companions are yellow-white dwarf stars both slightly larger than the sun. Polaris AB orbits the main star at a distance of 2 billion miles and is about 866,000 miles across, with a mass of about 1.26 suns. Polaris B is located 240 billion miles away from Polaris A and possesses a diameter of 1.1 million miles and masses about 1.39 suns.

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What is the only planet in the solar system that is not named after a Greek or Roman god?

The exact origin of the name Earth is not known, but it may come from the Old English word "eorthe," which may stem from the Hebrew word "eres," meaning ground. The other planets in the solar system were named after Greek and Roman gods, including Mercury, the god of commerce; Venus, the goddess of love and beauty; and Uranus, the god of the heavens. The International Astronomical Union is currently responsible for naming newly discovered planets and their moons.

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What is osteophytic lipping?

The Mayo Clinic explains that bone spurs commonly occur where bones meet each other in the joints, such as the knee, hip, elbow and wrist. Bone spurs also are common in the bones of the spine. Frequently caused by wear and tear due to osteoarthritis, most bone spurs cause no symptoms. They are created by the body as a way of making up for the loss of cartilage, the natural cushion between the bones. However, depending on their location, they sometimes limit movement in the joint or cause pain. For example, a bone spur in the knee may make it difficult to bend or extend one's leg, while a ..

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What are examples of indirect contact?

Direct and indirect contact refer to the transmission of infectious diseases. Not all diseases are contagious by both direct and indirect contact. Some can only be contracted through direct contact. The exchange of bodily fluids, such as saliva or blood, is considered direct contact because an infected element of one person's body is directly coming into contact with another. This is also why spray, such as sneezing, is considered direct contact. Even though a person who sneezes does not directly touch another, it is still possible for the exchange of bodily fluids to take place through s..

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How much does one liter of water weigh?

When the metric system was first developed by a group commissioned by France's Louis XVI, a unit of mass called the grave was defined as being the weight of a block of ice one liter in size. The grave was later renamed the liter by the French Republic after Louis XVI was disposed. In 1889, the kilogram was redefined as being the mass of an example weight of platinum-iridium kept in the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. In 1901, the liter was redefined as being the volume of pure water that has the same weight as that platinum-iridium mass. Since 1964, the liter has been define..

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What are the pros and cons of Maglev technology?

Maglev guideways require minimal maintenance because of the lack of mechanical contact between the train car and guideway, as well as the uniform distribution of load. Maglev vehicles run on electricity, and even after factoring in the costs of producing the needed electricity and the emissions during the production process, they are more cost efficient and cleaner for the environment than the conventional modes of travel. They are also quieter, and the guideways are narrow and unobtrusive, making Maglev a good fit for urban and suburban areas. In addition, because of the elevated guideways an..

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What are the differences between DNA fingerprinting and regular fingerprinting?

Fingerprints and DNA are similar in that both are unique to an individual, which is why they are used as evidence in criminal cases and to identify bodies, informs WebMD. Scientists can collect DNA from blood, skin, saliva, hair and urine. Semen, bone and teeth also contain DNA.\nAfter the DNA is collected, it is typically first analyzed by using a procedure called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, in which enzymes cut the sample, allowing scientists to extract the DNA, states Explore Forensics. Electrophoresis separates the DNA segments created during RFLP, and measures each piece by ..

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Whose ashes were brought to the moon?

The scientist who designed the probe, Carolyn Porco, was a colleague of Shoemaker's, and it was her idea to include his remains in the Lunar Prospector's mission to the moon. Shoemaker died in 1997 as the result of a car crash in Australia, and Porco said she got the idea to send his ashes to space as soon as she heard of his death.\n\nAn academic, Shoemaker is one of the pioneers of the academic discipline of planetary science. He worked as a television correspondent for CBS during several space flight events, including the Apollo 11 moon landing. In the academic sphere, Shoemaker i..

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What are some facts about sinkholes?

Sinkholes form both naturally and artificially. They almost always involve some form of surface erosion. The natural process for the formation of a sinkhole involves water deposits located beneath the soil that gradually erode the surface, weakening the structural integrity and causing a collapse. Sinkholes are most commonly created when the primary material of the surface is limestone, gypsum, salt beds or carbonate rocks.\nSinkholes are sometimes man-made as well, though usually not by design or on purpose. These types of artificial sinkholes can result from a mine collapsing or from sewage ..

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