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How do I convert state plane coordinates to latitude and longitude?

Just like any other set of coordinates, state plane coordinates determine an exact location, particularly within the regions in the United States. These coordinates form part of the state plane coordinate system, which is composed of 124 geographical locations spanning across predetermined areas in the U.S. The numbers are similar to Cartesian coordinates in defining a specific point in a field.\nState plane coordinates are composed of two numbers. The first coordinate is called northing, which defines a vertical distance from an origin. The second is easting, which describes a horizontal posi..

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What is the percentage of gases in the stratosphere?

These layers, which are at different heights from the Earth's surface, are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Located at a height of 31 miles from the surface of the Earth, the stratosphere layer contains very dry air. The highest temperature at this layer is 5 degrees Fahrenheit. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, and its function is the absorption of ultraviolet radiation.

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Which colors make red?

Red, yellow and blue are called primary colors. Mixing primary colors produces other colors, depending on the proportions of the mix. For painting purposes, red cannot be made by mixing any other colors. This theory of primary colors is known as the Prang or Artists' Color System, which was introduced by Louis Prang in 1876. Alternative color systems identify different primary colors. One such system is the four-color system for printing in which the primary colors are cyan, magenta, yellow and black. This system produces colors by overlapping different-sized patterns of dots using the fo..

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How does the Peltier effect work?

Jean Peltier discovered the effect in 1834, but it remained a laboratory curiosity until the discovery of semiconductors. A typical Peltier device sandwiches a thin array of p-type and n-type semiconductors between two metal plates along with conductors for direct current. One metal plate absorbs heat while the opposite plate loses heat and provides the cooling effect. The “hot side” can reach 200 degrees Celsius, while the “cold side” will reach minus 100 degrees Celsius. The temperature range depends on the size of the device and the materials used.\nMost manufacturers use either bis..

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How can kids make an electromagnet?

An electromagnet is a type of magnet where the magnetic field generated is created by electricity. As an electric field flows in the wire, a magnetic field is created. As the number of coils made by the wire increases, the power of current increases, making an electromagnet more flexible than a conventional magnet.\nTo make an electromagnet, wrap the copper wire around the iron nail tightly and all in the same direction. Use sandpaper to scrub off the enamel off the ends of the copper wire and connect the ends of the wire to the end of the wire. The electromagnet should now be able to attract ..

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How many teaspoons does 5 grams contain?

Grams and teaspoons measure two different things. Grams measure a material's mass. Teaspoons measure volume, or the amount of space that the ingredient occupies. Some ingredients, like salt and sugar, may have the same volume but their density and mass vary significantly. When using a general conversion with different ingredients, especially on a larger scale, the differences in mass can ruin a recipe.

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What is the density of hydrogen?

Hydrogen is so lightweight that it is uncommon in Earth's atmosphere, since it can escape the planet's gravitational pull. It is the most common element in the universe and is crucial to life, as it bonds with oxygen to create water. Hydrogen is also found in hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, methyl and ethyl alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids and esters.

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What is sandpaper made of?

Most sandpaper products are made with silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, according to Info.com. Quartz grains are often used for wood polishing purposes. The grains are bonded using a strong glue. Additionally, heavy, flexible and strong paper is used.\nInfo.com states that the first recorded use of coated abrasive was in 13th century China. Natural gums were used to bind crushed seashells to parchment. In 1808, an article on coated abrasives mentioned that calcined, ground pumice was combined with varnish and applied on paper with a brush.\nAccording to About.com, the first step in manufactur..

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What contributions to the field of scientific management did Henry Gantt make?

From 1887 to 1893, Henry Gantt worked at the Midvale Steel Company in Philadelphia under the world's key advocate of scientific management at the time, Frederick Winslow Taylor. Gantt became an enthusiast for the system as well and worked to solve problems in America's major industries using scientific analysis.Gantt's most famous contribution to project management and the specific field of scientific management is the Gantt chart. This chart plans work through to completion, and it allows management teams to track progress and effectively deal with problems when they occur. At ..

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What is the function of the nose?

The nose is a cartilaginous organ on the face responsible for inhalation and exhalation of air and processing of scents and smells. Air is inhaled through the nose, and nose hairs catch the larger particles of dust and debris. Cilia and mucous in the nasal passages humidify, warm the air and catch any remaining foreign bodies before the inhaled air is passed down through the pharynx, larynx and trachea into the lungs.\nSmells are processed simultaneously with respiration as the inhaled air passes over chemoreceptors, otherwise known as the olfactory epithelium. Soluble molecules are absorbed b..

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