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Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Electrical conductivity measures the ability of a substance to produce an electrical current, whereas electricity is the movement of charged particles which form that electrical current. A current, in the electrical realm, is simply a flow of charges which requires free movement. For the electrical current to form, both movement and conductivity must be present.\nIonic compounds are formed when positively and negatively charged ions are bonded closely together. These ions are atoms that have gained or lost an electron, and they come together by transferring an electron in a process called ioni..

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What is gray water?

Most people use more than 25 gallons of water each day for showering, bathing and washing clothes. This gray water is safe to recycle for watering plants or other purposes. Black water, on the other hand, is household-waste water from toilets, washing diapers, and cooking and cleaning up the kitchen. While the first two sources often contain feces and urine, or traces of each, the third is likely to contain strong detergents and contaminants.

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What is apparent viscosity?

The apparent viscosity is measured using a rheometer, which is a device that controls more parameters than a standard viscometer. There are two types of rheometers whose use are determined by the parameters that need to be controlled. The two types of rheometers are shear and extensional rheometers. Shear rheometers measure apparent viscosity by controlling the shear stress that occurs between different layers of the fluid. Extensional rheometers control the stress that occurs within layers.\nApparent viscosity can also be thought of as friction within a fluid. The causes of viscosity are the ..

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What does gravity depend on?

Mathematically, Newton expressed his law of gravity as F=GMm/r^2. In this equation, F is force, G is the gravitational constant 6.67 x 10-8, M and m are the masses of the two bodies and r is the distance between the two objects. According to this, doubling Earth's mass would make its gravitational pull twice as strong. In addition, pulling the object four times the distance away from Earth would make it 12 times weaker.The object's shape, density and the material it is made from do not influence gravity. In addition to Newton's law of gravity, there are three other laws of motio..

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What role does your diaphragm play in breathing?

According to The Merck Manual, the lungs themselves do not have any muscular structures. Instead, they rely on the diaphragm and muscles in the neck, abdomen and between the ribs to power the breathing process. The diaphragm is a thick, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that serves as the dividing line between the chest and abdominal cavities.\nThe National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that as a person inhales, the diaphragm contracts and moves down and away from the lungs. This movement creates greater space in the chest cavity, causing the lungs to expand. The suction created by this ex..

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When will natural selection occur?

Not all traits depend strongly on inheritance from one generation to the next, but rather on environmental factors. For natural selection to occur in a population, factors that are strongly heritable from parents to offspring must exist, as these are the traits that natural selection acts upon. Natural selection also requires that a population show variation in its traits. For example, a population of animals with no individual differences in fur length is not conducive to natural selection.\nThe growth of the population in question must be high for the occurrence of natural selection; in orde..

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How do fungi benefit humans?

Fungi are key ingredients in brewer's yeast, which is used to produce many consumer goods, including cheeses and yogurts. Brewer's yeast is also added to create a meat-like flavor in substances such as rice, wheat and soybean products, including miso, soy sauce and tofu. Some fungi are used to create meat alternative products as well, and they are used raw or cooked in many recipes, such as soups and stews. Fungi have strong antibacterial properties, which makes them suitable for use in medicines and remedies. Fungi extracts are used to create potent medicines such as antibiotics, ch..

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How many lumens do you need?

Lumens are the SI unit of luminous flux, the total amount of visible light emitted from a source. The total light output of a luminous source is ineffective in determining the light rating needed to perform a certain activity, as the illumination per unit area is inversely proportional to the area for the same number of lumens.\nInstead, lux, the unit of illuminance is defined as the number of lumens per square meter. This unit indicates the light intensity perceived by the human eye. Ambient lighting features a continuous spectrum of wavelengths with human vision having different levels of se..

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What are some similarities between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds occur when atoms join together, attracted by ions with an opposite charge. For instance, a common example of an ionic bond is sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Here, the sodium atom has a single valence electron above a stable level, which is eight electrons. When it meets a chlorine atom, which has seven valence electrons, the chlorine atom removes the sodium atom's single valence electron. The resulting ionic compound contains two atoms with stable octets of electrons. They include a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chloride ion.\nA covalen..

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How do water bottle rockets work?

To prepare a water bottle rocket, you need a plastic bottle partially filled with water and some sort of an air pump. A hand pump is capable of providing enough pressure for lift off, but serious hobbyists often opt for an air compressor. Two-liter soda bottles can generally handle up to 100 pounds per square inch of air pressure, but pressurizing them that high can risk damage and rupture. Once the rocket is pressurized and sealed with a quick-release valve, it is ready for launch. Once the valve opens, the high-pressure air tries to escape, pushing the heavier water ahead of it. Since water ..

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