What causes sore gums?

Among the primary causes of sore gums is gum disease, according to WebMD. Gum disease can cause swollen and bleeding gums. Red gums are often a sign of either gingivitis, which is gum inflammation, or periodontitis, which is inflammation of tooth attachments and bones, according to MedicineNet.

Pregnant women experience hormonal changes that can include sensitive gums, according to MedicineNet. Sensitivity can escalate to pain and soreness. Abscesses, canker sores and other mouth sores can also cause gums to get sore. Aggressive, firm and back-and-forth motions during brushing can irritate gums and contribute to other health conditions, reports WebMD. A gentle circular motion protects against sore gums.