What are some common anti-wear additives?

The most common types of anti-wear additives are zinc dithiophosphate, also known as ZDP; zinc diakyldithiophosphate, also known as ZDDP; and tricresylphosphate, also known as TCP. Manufacturers typically add these materials to engine oils in order to prevent direct metal-to-metal contact between engine components.

Engine oil works by creating a film that covers engine components, preventing mechanical seizures from metal-to-metal friction. However, this oil film tends to degrade over time, causing engine components to wear down. Anti-wear additives work by reacting with the metal components, creating a more durable film that reduces friction and increases the lifespan of engine components.