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What is the surface temperature of Saturn?

Saturn is located about 886 million miles from the sun and is the sixth planet in the solar system. It is considered a gas giant and does not have a solid surface. The atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium. Together, these factors mean that Saturn cannot support life forms like those on Earth. However, some of the planet's moons are more hospitable and could theoretically support life.\nAs a size comparison, if the Earth were the size of a coin, Saturn would be the size of a basketball.

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Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

A carboxyl group consists of one carbon atom, two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom. The amino group consists of one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The carboxyl and amino groups lie at opposite ends of an amino acid.\nTwo amino acids form a peptide, or amide, bond when they join. The amino and carboxyl ends of the two amino acids come together, and the nitrogen of the amino group bonds with the carbon on the carboxyl group. The hydrogens on the amino group and an oxygen on the carboxyl group combine to form a molecule of water.

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What is the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance?

Use the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution equation to calculate the average speed of the particles in a substance. Then, combine that information with the ideal gas law to calculate the average kinetic energy of a group of particles. However, there are certain assumptions, as all the energy is confined to translational motion. Internal energy, resulting from vibrational and rotational motion, is also discounted.

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What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are present in most plant cells, but they are most common in the green, leafy areas. The organelles absorb sunlight through photosynthesis and use it with the water and carbon dioxide absorbed through other parts of the plant to create food for the plant to grow and survive. Chloroplasts are also found in algae and perform the same function by allowing the algae to continue to thrive.\nChloroplasts are also where chlorophyll is produced. Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color, and it is the main receptor for sunlight within the organelle. The stroma is anothe..

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What are raspberry ketones?

Raspberry ketone is a popular weight-loss supplement. Studies show weight loss effects in rats fed large doses of the chemical, but this effect is not proven in humans. While it is an approved food additive and has been generally recognized as safe since 1965, there is no data on its long-term effects in the doses necessary to produce weight loss in rats. Rats in studies show no long-term harm from doses 238 times higher than the average human intake of raspberry ketone, suggesting that it is safe.\nIn addition to its use in weight loss products, raspberry ketone is a food and perfume additive..

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How is oxygen transported across the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane creates a barrier between a cell and its surroundings. It is made up primarily of a phospholipid bilayer with the hydrophillic phospho-headgroups facing out along the surface of both sides, while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails form the interior. The lipid bilayer prevents large macromolecules or polar molecules from traveling into the cell. Smaller, nonpolar molecules such as hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethanol are not repelled by the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer, so they diffuse freely into or out of the cell dependent on their concentration gradient.\nTr..

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Why is gold called AU?

Gold, by any name, enjoys a long history of human use. Its discovery dates back to approximately 3000 B.C. Gold first appeared in streams and riverbeds. Historians consider gold one of the earliest metals discovered by ancient civilizations. Gold, then and now, serves primarily aesthetic purposes and boasts a high value. It serves few, if any, significant biological roles, but appears in decorative items, coins and jewelry.Gold boasts several significant physical and chemical properties making it suitable for numerous applications. Its purest form, which is 24 carat gold, features a soft and m..

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What do all organic compounds contain?

When early chemists started studying living organisms, they found that nearly all of the structures and substances present were based on carbon atoms. They called such molecules organic because they thought that only living things could create them. These chemists suspected that living things injected something called a life force into such molecules. This line of thought was soon discarded. Modern chemists understand that there's little fundamental difference between organic and inorganic molecules.\nSome examples of organic chemicals are methane, ethane, butane and pyruvic acid. Carbon ..

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What is stored energy?

The equation for stored energy equals "mgh," where "m" equals the mass of the object, "g" equals the gravitational constant and "h" equals the height of the object. As objects ascend in height, their potential energy increases. As objects descend, their potential energy lessens, and it can be transferred into another form of energy. Most often objects convert between potential and kinetic energy while they are at rest and then in motion.

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What are some interesting facts about natural gas?

The Chinese used natural gas as early as 500 B.C. to boil sea water for desalination. By the 18th century, natural gas was a common means of lighting houses and streetlamps in England. As of 2015, people use natural gas for heating, generating electricity and powering vehicles. Natural gas is a non-renewable resource.

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