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How do flood basalts form?

Flood basalts create a lava plateau, filling in depressions with basaltic magma hardening into igneous rock. These flows sometimes cover thousands of square miles. They are often several miles deep. Flood basalts cover large areas of both the continental and oceanic crusts.\nThe step-like hills known as the Siberian Traps in Russia were created by flood basalts. The Deccan Traps of India and the Columbia Plateau in the Pacific Northwest are other examples of flood basalts.\nFlood basalts have been discovered on all terrestrial planets. The dark areas of the moon are basaltic lava fields called..

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What are the shapes of bacteria?

Bacteria are single cell organisms found all over Earth, and they group together in colonies. It is estimated that the number of bacterial cells inside the human body is 10 times greater than that of human cells. Most of these bacteria are located in the intestines and colon, where they break down carbohydrates and aid in the absorption and digestion of nutrients. Though these bacteria are not usually harmful to humans, they are capable of acting as opportunistic pathogens during times of compromised immune function. Most bacteria living in the human gut are anaerobes, which means that they th..

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What are transition metals?

The five d orbitals become more filled, starting from left to right on the periodic table. The loosely bound d electrons contribute to the high malleability and electrical conductivity of the elements.\nTransition elements have low ionization energies. They have a wide range of positively charged forms or oxidation states. Positive oxidation states enable these metals to create numerous different ionic and partially ionic compounds. The d orbitals separate into two energy sublevels due to the formation of complexes. This allows most of the complexes to absorb particular frequencies of light, f..

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What kind of cloud produces hail?

Clouds are generally classified according to their altitudes. Cirrus clouds have high elevations and may form as high as 20,000 feet from the ground. Low-level clouds known as stratus clouds have average heights of around 6,500 feet. Mid-level clouds, which are prefixed with "alto," are located between cirrus and stratus clouds. Cumulus clouds commonly form at low altitudes, but they can rapidly rise to great heights. The presence of cumulus clouds in the sky usually indicate fair and sunny weather. When cumulus clouds gather enough water vapor to become dense and heavy, they turn into cumulon..

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How many ounces are in a liter?

There are two spellings for this measurement, the American spelling of liter and the spelling recognized by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, which is litre. This unit of measure is not listed as part of the International System of Units, abbreviated as SI, but is mentioned in the listings because it is commonly used worldwide. The liter actually started out as the base unit for the French metric system.

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How do mountains affect climate?

When air flows over a mountain, it is forced upward. This causes more rain to fall on the windward side of a mountain and an influx of warm air to breach the back side. This relationship explains why mountains often present two completely different landscapes. One side is commonly green and fertile, while the other is arid and desert-like.\nIn addition to altering the climate, mountains also produce local affects from the change of air pressure and flow. Wind flowing through mountainous areas is channeled through a tunnel effect. This causes strong winds and aggressive weather formations.\nIn ..

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What are examples of behavioral adaptations?

Dormancy and hibernation allow animals to conserve energy in times of environmental stress, which often occurs in winter. Ground squirrels, woodchucks and chipmunks can hibernate and remain dormant for a period of seven months to a year. They generally eat a lot of food before hibernating and allow their body temperatures to drop to just below freezing. Some hibernating animals actually awaken to warm their bodies, feed a little and urinate, but they soon return to being dormant.\nBehavioral adaptations, unlike physical adaptations, aren't always inherited but are often learned; the envir..

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How do you correct chlorine lock in your swimming pool?

First, measure the pool water temperature and record it. In addition, test the pool water with a testing kit and record the results. Then, calculate the pool size factor by dividing the number of gallons in the pool by 120,000. Remember that one pound of chlorine raises the chlorine concentration of 1 million pounds of water by one part per million. Next, find the minimum chlorine level in parts per million based on the temperature and pool test results recorded previously. In addition, calculate the chlorine breaking point by subtracting the free chlorine from the total chlorine to get the co..

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What is Raney nickel?

Raney nickel is a finely divided gray solid. It is thermally and structurally stable, and it is for this reason that it is usable in hydrogenation reactions involving high temperatures and pressures. Raney nickel is highly pyrophoric when dry, meaning it catches fire easily when atmospheric conditions allow it to dry out. It is kept submerged under water or any suitable solvent, such as dioxane or ethanol.

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What are miscible liquids?

Liquids whose attractions between each other are weaker than attractions between their own molecules tend to be immiscible liquids. Many liquid mixtures are "partially miscible," which means that while they form two separate layers and a meniscus, the volume of each liquid's layers is not identical to the original volume of each liquid. Certain organic acids mix with water to form partially miscible liquid mixtures.

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