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How does light travel?

Visible light is the light that can be seen with the naked eye. It is one type of electromagnetic radiation, which results from the vibrations of electric and magnetic fields. Other types of light that exist in the electromagnetic spectrum includeGamma raysX-raysUltraviolet raysInfraredTelevision, radio and microwaves also exist on the EM spectrum. These waves have some of the lowest energy levels on the spectrum while gamma rays have some of the highest. The wavelengths of these rays are not captured by the human eye and are thus considered invisible. The visual range of the EM spectrum appea..

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How do you neutralize ammonia?

The pH scale measures the strength of acids and bases. Neutral substances, such as water, have a pH of 7. Compounds with a lower pH are acids, and compounds with a higher pH are bases. Ammonia is an alkaline, or basic, chemical made of one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia occurs naturally in trace amounts when organic material decays. The kidneys also secrete ammonia as a means of neutralizing acid. As a base, ammonia easily gives up electrons and accepts protons. Acids neutralize bases because they accept electrons and give up protons. Aqueous ammonia has a pH of approximately 12, a..

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What are some of the main functions of skin cells?

Skin cells represent the first line of defense against pathogens found in the external environment. Known collectively as the intergumentary system, skin cells create a semi-impermeable barrier that also reduces bodily fluid loss. The endings of neurons are found in skin cells and enable the transmission of external stimuli to the central nervous system. There are two basic types of skin cells: epidermal cells, which comprise the outermost layer of skin, and dermal cells, which form the underlying connective tissue.The most predominant type of epidermal skin cells are the keratinocytes. Langer..

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What is the scientific classification of the amoeba?

The classification of living things in biology is called the taxonomy, nomenclature or scheme. Amoeba proteus is a representative example of the species, whose members are characterized by an amorphous shape and a method of propulsion facilitated by a feature called the pseudopod. This feature of the amoeba is also instrumental for feeding. All protists, the amoeba included, are single-celled animals containing a nucleus.

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What does a meteorologist study?

There are a number of different types of meteorologists, such as broadcast, forensic, climate, archive and research meteorologists, as well as those who teach the subject. Broadcast meteorologists predict the weather for the media, such as newspapers, radio and television.\nHowever, not all of the people seen predicting the weather on television are actually meteorologists, as the American Meteorological Society has ruled that a person needs to have at least a bachelor's degree in meteorology or atmospheric science. The AMS's definition of a meteorologist is a person who uses science..

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What happens to the air when the electrical energy of lightning is discharged?

The flash of lightning temporarily equalizes the charges in the atmosphere until water particles build up negative charges of electrons again. Negative charges build up in clouds due to water droplets and ice crystals rubbing against each other to produce negative charges. The ground is positively charged, and the atmosphere produces lightning to balance the charges.\nScientists have repeatedly measured physical properties of lightning. The phenomenon ranges in temperature from 18,000 to 70,000 degrees Fahrenheit. A single lightning bolt is usually between 1 and 2 inches wide and contains betw..

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How is a bright line spectrum produced?

The process of separating visible light into its individual spectral lines is called dispersion, where each line corresponds to a wavelength or frequency that matches a specific color. The three types of spectra that can be produced via dispersion include continuous, bright-line or dark-line. A continuous spectrum contains all frequencies of visible light. A bright-line spectrum generates spectral lines instead of a continuous spectrum, whereas a dark-line spectrum, also known as an absorption spectrum, is superimposed by a continuous spectrum. Bright-line and dark-line spectra are typically u..

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How big is a 45-gallon drum?

The drums are usually made out of steel with an inner lining of rubber to improve rigidity when rolling. These drums are used to carry and store anything from crude oil and acid to hazardous waste. There is a special way to seal the drums in the case of more harmful materials. They are usually filled to 200 liters.

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What are the four major geological eras?

The Phanerozoic eon is divided between three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. These names refer to the "early life," "middle life" and "late life" of their respective zoologies. These eras are further divided into periods by geologists. In this model, the Phanerozoic era began with the Cambrian period and has continued to the modern Quarternary period.

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Which part of a plant produces pollen?

Ovules are produced in the ovary in the base of the female part of the flower, called the pistil. When the ovary is mature, it is called a fruit. Mature ovules are called seeds. For pollination to occur, pollen must move from the stamen to the stigma, which is the top of the pistil. Wind, hummingbirds, bees and butterflies help pollinate flowers. Plants that depend on wind pollination often have long stamens and pistils.

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