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What do lymphocytes do?

The Encyclopaedia Britannica states that lymphocytes are primarily categorized into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, also called B cells and T cells. Both types of lymphocytes come from stem cells in the bone marrow. Some travel to the thymus and mature into T cells, while others stay in the bone marrow and develop into B cells.\nLymphocytes generally last for a short time, with an average life span ranging from a week to a few months, although some cells live for years and form a group of long-lived T and B cells, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica. These lymphocytes are responsible fo..

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What is the principle of electrophoresis?

An electrode is any conducting material that creates an electrical field to allow current to pass through. The positive end of an electrode is called an anode while the negative end is called a cathode. When a negatively charged particle travels along an electric field, it tends to migrate toward the anode and move against frictional force. The bigger the particle, the slower it moves.In the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry, electrophoresis is a useful analytical technique where macromolecules of varying sizes and densities are separated. Complex proteins and nucleic acids that und..

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How do you explain ecosystems to kids?

An ecosystem also involves how the living organisms interact with the nonliving environment, which includes things such as the weather, earth, sun, soil and atmosphere. Every object in an ecosystem has a specific role to play. An example of an ecosystem could be a small pond in a yard. The chain of the ecosystem would begin with the water, which insects rely on for a place to lay their eggs. Frogs in the ecosystem rely on the water for insects to eat and to keep them moist so the sun does not kill them. Fish also rely on the water to live in and the insects eggs to eat. The frogs and the fish ..

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What is average velocity?

When an object travels in a circle it is said to have no velocity because its starting point is the same as its ending point. The ability to measure velocity needs a separate beginning and ending point. The measurements are normally expressed as meters per second, but any distance measurement and time measurement may be substituted.

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What do closely spaced isobars often indicate?

Isobars aid meteorologists in forecasting the behavior of weather systems on large scales by synthesizing the data gathered by individual weather stations into a bigger picture. When isobars are spaced close together, this means that there is a large pressure gradient. Conversely, when isobars are spaced far apart, this translates to a small pressure gradient. In the latter event, this means that calm conditions are more likely to prevail.\nIn low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere, where the air circulates counter-clockwise around the center of the system, isobars are likely to be sp..

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Why is it warm near the equator?

The sun's path at the equator is also short, resulting in less absorption and scattering. Another factor is that the Earth's surface at the equator results in less reflection of incoming sunshine. During the spring and autumn equinoxes, the sun passes directly over the equator, creating hot equatorial climates with little variation throughout the year. During the solstices, Earth's pole points toward the sun, allowing surrounding areas to receive more radiation while the opposite pole does not receive any. Without snow at the poles, the poles could be as warm or warmer than equa..

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What are the effects of tsunamis?

The most direct impact of a tsunami is the massive flooding it produces along coastlines of affected areas. Huge walls of water gush onto the land. Because of their erratic sources, tsunami are much more difficult to predict and prepare for than other natural disasters such as hurricanes. People in the path of the rushing water drown, and buildings and trees get carried away.\nTsunamis also have a cumulative effect on the Earth, as well. Universe Today indicated that the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami sped up the Earth's rotation and caused vibrations all across the Earth's surface.\nIn s..

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What is the pH of normal rain, and when does it become dangerous?

Normal rain at the 5 or 6 pH value is considered almost neutral on the pH scale, therefore negative effects of this rain are not measured. However, when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides increase acidity, rain can become known as acid rain. Acid rain typically has a pH value of 4, although it has been recorded as being as low as pH2.\nWhile the strongest acid rain has shared a pH level near that of vinegar (2.2) and lemon juice (2.3), acid rain is dangerous for the environment. It begins to dissolve the nutrients in the soil that plant life needs, introduces toxic substances into the soil su..

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How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

The leaf of a plant is protected by a waxy substance called the cuticle. This prevents the air, containing carbon dioxide, from entering the leaf. Since carbon dioxide is one of the primary components that drive photosynthesis, plant leaves adapted and evolved these highly specialized structures to allow the passage of carbon dioxide. In some unicellular and marine autotrophic plants, carbon dioxide freely enters without passing through any specialized part.

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What is the scientific name of a mushroom?

The button mushroom is the most cultivated mushroom species, since it is grown in more than 70 countries. The wild species the cultivated version came from is a small mushroom native to North America and Europe.\n\n\n\nThis common mushroom can be confused with a young form of destroying angel, a mushroom that is lethally poisonous. However, destroying angel has pure white gills on the cup and the button mushroom has brown or pinkish gills.\n\n\n\nButton mushrooms started gaining popularity in the United States in 1926.

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