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What is the function of the laryngopharynx?

Problems within the pharynx can cause conditions such as Laryngopharyngeal reflux, or LPR. This condition is a malfunctioning of the sphincters, which are located at the ends of the esophagus. LPR causes stomach acid to back up into the pharynx or larynx, or into the back of the nasal cavities. Medical treatment is necessary to avoid permanent damage to the throat and voice box.

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What is color theory?

Areas within the broad field of visual arts use color theory to examine the perception of colors as warm or cool; the use of tints, tones and shades to obtain variations of color; and the creation and use of color harmonies, or aesthetically pleasing combinations of colors, that are analogous or complementary on the color wheel to create color schemes.\nThe use of color harmonies and color variations extends into various artistic fields to express artistic intent and to elicit desired emotional responses. In industrial and commercial applications, color theory explores the use of color to targ..

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What is the toxicity level to Dimethyl sulfoxide?

DMSO is a colorless, odorless liquid used in topical pharmaceuticals for its skin-permeating properties, says TOXNET. It is approved in the United States for osteoarthritis pain treatment. Contact exposure to DMSO most often results in skin irritation and a garlic-like body odor. Overexposure may induce nausea, headache and light sensitivity. DMSO presents a low ingestion hazard, but ingestion still requires immediate medical attention, according to Gaylord Chemical's material safety data sheet. In certain sensitive individuals, 10-percent DMSO solutions may cause skin reactions.

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What are different types of clouds?

The National Weather Service explains that cirrus clouds are composed entirely of ice crystals, and they may precede a warm front. Cirrostratus clouds are similar but disperse light in a ring-shape pattern. Cirrocumulus clouds are lumpier than other high-level clouds.\nAt the medium level, altostratus clouds have a consistent texture and may indicate a coming warm front. Altocumulus clouds are heavier and usually appear in row formations.\nStratocumulus clouds appear lower in the atmosphere, usually preceding or following a front. Dense nimbostratus clouds are capable of producing light, stead..

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Why do animals need to move?

Animal migration is found throughout the entire animal kingdom. Insects, such as butterflies and locusts, migrate. Crustaceans, such as the red crab, also migrate. Many mammals migrate, such as the zebra and the wildebeest. Nearly 2,000 species of birds migrate. Usually animals migrate to capitalize on an abundance of food that is found seasonally, such as Serengeti mammals, which undergo a yearly circular migration that follows the availability of foods for grazing and water.\nSome animals migrate without eating, such as the southern white whale, which lives off its blubber for a year while i..

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How do euglena obtain food?

Euglena are a genus of single-celled protists with characteristics of both plants and animals. The most popular hypothesis regarding their origin is that they arose from symbiosis between protists and eukaryotic green algae. Like plants, they have choloroplasts capable of photosynthesis, but like animals, they have cell membranes rather than cell walls and are capable of independent movement. Additionally, they cannot build up starches from carbon dioxide as plants can. Their primary means of propulsion is a tail-like structure called a flagellum which pulls the organism through the water as i..

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What are some good rock identification charts?

Rock identification charts classify rocks according to their appearance, composition and formation. There are three main types of rocks, attending to their formation process: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.\nIgneous rocks are formed from solidification of molten material below Earth's surface, forming crystals. Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks crystallize on Earth's surface. Igneous rocks include basalt, granite and obsidian.\nSedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments. There are three main types: clast..

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Is alcohol an acid or a base?

At the -OH group, alcohol can act as either a base or an acid, reacting either way with strong acids or bases. This reaction often results in the salt called alkoxide. Alcohol is an organic compound with a wide variety of uses worldwide. It has also been found in low densities in the star- and planetary-system-founding portions of space. Alcohol is most commonly known in its ethanol form, which is the most common form of alcoholic beverages. The word "alcohol" refers to the chemical class of all alcohols as a drug family.\nAlcohols have a bitter smell. Compared to other alcohols, ethanol has a..

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What does not expend energy?

Simple diffusion involves the moving of small molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen from one highly concentrated side of a cell membrane to the other, less concentrated side. Diffusion that occurs with the help of channel proteins is called facilitated transport. In facilitated transport, channel proteins create holes that allow substances to pass through a membrane to less concentrated areas. Osmosis refers to diffusion that features water as the primary moving substance.

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What are some ways to keep the environment clean?

Recycling cans and newspapers reduces pollution. Leaving the turned lights off when they're not needed avoids wasted energy.\nTo increase home energy efficiency, standard light bulbs should be replaced with compact fluorescent bulbs, which last 10 times longer and use less energy. Home appliances should meet EPA and U.S. Department of Energy guidelines for energy efficiency. A programmable thermostat can help prevent energy waste, and cleaning air filters regularly ensures that the ventilation system does not have to be overtaxed. Household pesticides or chemicals used for cleaning purpos..

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