How hard did Randy Johnson throw the fastball that hit the bird?

On March 24, 2001, Arizona Diamondbacks pitcher Randy Johnson threw a pitch during a spring training game against the San Francisco Giants that struck a flying dove. While the exact velocity of the fastball is unknown, it is estimated to be approximately 95 to 100 miles per hour.

Johnson was well-known for his high-velocity fastballs, which were consistently in the upper 90s during most of his career. When the bird was struck with his fastball, it exploded into a cloud of feathers, and was instantly killed. Thirteen years later, minor league pitcher Jonathan Maciel struck and killed a low-flying bird with a pitch clocked at 83 miles per hour.