How high are the risks of toxic shock syndrome when using tampons?

The risk of developing menstrual toxic shock syndrome, also known as m-TSS, is very low. Since the 1980s, the number of cases has been declining, with about one case per 100,000 people each year, according to Medscape.

Although the risk of developing toxic shock syndrome while using tampons is very low, the condition can be fatal. Women can reduce the risk by changing tampons frequently, avoiding highly absorbent tampons or using pads instead, explains MedlinePlus. Because toxic shock syndrome is a medical emergency, women should call their doctor if they develop a fever, rash or general ill feeling while using tampons.