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What is the Bernoulli effect?

A great way to understand the Bernoulli effect is to think of water flowing down a river. When the riverbed is shallow and narrow, the water begins to flow very fast. When the riverbed opens up to a wide area or is very deep, the water slows down considerably. Fluids behave according to the Bernoulli principle because pressure, velocity and potential energy are all related to each other, and their sum equals a constant. For example, if pressure is 10, velocity is 10 and potential energy is 10, the equation would look as follows: 10 + 10 + 10 = 30. If the velocity rises to 20, there would have ..

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What is chemical digestion?

Chemical digestion begins when food comes into contact with saliva. A specialized protein, salivary amylase, is present in saliva and acts to break down the sugars in food. Amylase enzymes work only in alkaline environments, so the initial chemical breakdown of sugars largely stops as chewed food passes into the stomach.\nThe stomach maintains an acidic environment, which is ideal for a second enzyme, pepsin, to go to work catalyzing the breakdown of proteins in the food via hydrolysis. Food remains in the stomach for a few hours while the acid and stomach enzymes reduce it to a thick soup of ..

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What was the worst sandstorm in history?

Black Sunday was the worst of hundreds of sandstorms that occurred during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. All of the storms from this period are thought to have occurred from overfarming soil without replenishing the topsoil or replanting anchoring plants and grasses, leading the topsoil to become loose and sparse. The loose topsoil became a danger during windy spring months, causing massive destruction to homes and farms all over the area.

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What is a non-living virus?

Viruses cannot perform most basic life functions unless they are inside a living cell. Science Education Resource Center at Carleton College explains that viruses exist in two distinct states. When not invading a cell, viruses are essentially dormant and are called virions by scientists. Virions can remain in this inanimate state for an extended period of time, only becoming active when they contact a suitable host cell. At this time, the virus begins interacting with its external environment and engaging in self-replication.\nScience Daily explains that viruses are simple entities, comprised ..

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What holds the base pairs together?

All DNA base pairs consist of two nucleotides. There are four possible nucleotides for each spot in a pair, meaning that there are 10 possible combinations for a pair in total. The four nucleotides are adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine, which are typically represented by the letters A, C, T and G, respectively.

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What is the chemical formula for Milk of Magnesia?

Milk of Magnesia is most commonly used as a laxative and as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid. This releases much of the body's potassium stores. Failure to replenish the lost potassium often leads to muscle cramping.\nMilk of Magnesia can also be used as a bleaching solution to whiten clothes and as a non-antiperspirant deodorant.\nIndustrially, magnesium hydroxide is used as a non-hazardous alkali to neutralize acidic waste-water. It is also instrumental in growing new reefs called Seacrete or Biorock.

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What is an equation for rust?

The rusting of iron is an electromagnetic process that begins with the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen. Iron becomes an ion the presence of moisture. This is the transition of solid Fe to aqueous Fe2+ and two electrons. The electrons then reduce the oxygen that is dissolved in the H2O, as O2 plus four electrons plus four naturally occurring H+ ions yield two H2O molecules. The Fe2+ ions from the iron oxidation then each react with two OH- ions in water to form Fe(OH)2. Following dehydration, Fe(OH)2 produces rust.

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Why would the leaves on a pepper plant curl?

The feeding of pests, such as mites, aphids, whiteflies and thrips, contributes to leaf curl on pepper plants. While mature leaves can develop spotted or stippled areas if pests feed on them, developing leaves may grow curled or twisted depending on where the pests feed. Viral diseases also cause pepper leaves to curl, and they are often caused by infection from different insects and pests.\nEnvironmental conditions can cause stress on pepper plants. Leaves curl regularly during the middle of hot summer days. Strong winds or high humidity can cause pepper leaves to curl in self defense.

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How do you separate salt from sea water?

When salt water is heated, the water will evaporate and dissipate in the air. To just obtain the salt from the water, boil the water until only salt remains. To recover the water for later use, channel the water vapor through a tube where it can condense and drip into a container. While the water will be warm, it will be free of salt.

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What does photosynthesis produces?

Photosynthesis is a series of biochemical reactions involving the conversion of captured sunlight energy into food energy to be utilized by green plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Its main organic product, which is glucose, can be used in a variety of ways. It can be converted to cellulose for cellular development and structural support, stored in the form of starch or broken down to provide energy for respiration. Oxygen is considered a waste product of photosynthesis and is released into the environment.

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