What do you call a scientist who studies weather?

A scientist who studies weather is called a meteorologist. A meteorologist researches the atmosphere, forecasts weather and studies the effect climate has on the planet and its people.

Meteorologists have to collate data from about 10,000 weather stations around the world several times a day, including data from up to 500 weather balloons that collect measurements from the upper air. Other data collecting technologies include aircraft, radar and satellites. This information is sent to world weather centers in several countries, where computers analyze the data. Meteorologists use these various measurements and data to compile a weather report for a specific region to be released to the public.