What is the opposite of vaporization?

The opposite of vaporization is called condensation. Vaporization is a change of state in which a substance goes from liquid to gas, while condensation is when a substance goes from gas to liquid.

Substances can change states due to changes in temperature or pressure. Typically, substances change from one level of energy to the next closest one, such as from water to gas.

However, there are some exceptions that skip the middle energy state. For example, sublimation (solid to gas) usually occurs when dry ice is exposed to room temperature air. Changes in state are driven by changes in average molecular energy.

Gases have the most energy, while liquids are in the middle and solids have the least.