What are some tests used to diagnose anemia?

A complete blood count, a physical exam, a bone marrow sample, and a test to determine the shape and size of red blood cells are examples of tests used to diagnose anemia, according to Mayo Clinic. A physical exam measures the size of the spleen and liver.

The shape and size of red bloods cells give clue as to whether an iron deficiency or vitamin deficiency is present, Mayo Clinic details. In addition, doctors may run tests to look for underlying causes of bleeding such as ulcers, polyps of the digestive system, the presence of tumors or any other issues pertaining to the kidneys.