What is an example of a basic hypothesis test?

A basic hypothesis test measures the outcome of a probability function or equation for the validity of an expected or returned result. Typically, a basic hypothesis test uses accumulated data points as the basis for rejecting or accepting a hypothesis. This is done mathematically or using empirical data.

An example given by the Khan Academy tests the hypothesis that a particular breeding pair of dogs will give birth to more male than female puppies in any given litter. A data table is constructed showing the distribution of male puppies per litter over 1,000 litters. From that data it is possible to use mathematics processes to validate or invalidate the hypothesis.